The unemployment rate is a key economic indicator, and fluctuations in it are a critical component of understanding the health of a nation’s job market. It’s also one of the most widely followed statistics, and for good reason: high unemployment rates can lead to lower consumer spending and economic slowdowns and can create frustration among those who still have jobs but are having trouble finding work. Consequently, policymakers regularly seek information about different aspects of unemployment in order to understand the situation and develop policies that will help address it.
Unemployment is typically measured by using the current employment population ratio (CPP), which takes into account the number of people who have jobs and are looking for work. This measure is calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) using a monthly survey of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and older, and it excludes retirees and those who do not meet the criteria to be considered in the labor force. It is the broadest measure of employment, and it includes those who are employed part time but want full-time work.
There are several reasons why the unemployment rate rises or falls, but the most obvious is changes in the size of the civilian labor force. It is common in times of economic downturn for the size of the workforce to decrease, as workers give up searching for jobs or become discouraged and drop out of the labor force entirely.
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